Population growth and environmental degradation article pdf available in africa insight 224. Interaction between population and environmental degradation. Urbanization and environmental degradation in jordan. Population growth is the increase in the number of people living in a particular area. The strategy of heavy industrialization is the main cause of environmental degradation in different countries. The environmental kuznets curve ekc hypothesis postulates an invertedushaped relationship between different. Global concerns the impact of human activity on the natural resources. While they supported the theories put forward by malthus, this group of people strongly supported the idea of actively controlling population growth in order to prevent adverse impact on the environment. Rapid population growth in a country like india is threatening the environment through expansion and intensification of agriculture, uncontrolled growth of urbanization and industrialization, and destruction of natural habitats. Population growth and environmental degradation in malawi. The analysis is based upon the environmental kuznets curve ekc model, which posits an invertedu relationship between incomes per capita and environmental quality. World population growth and environmental degradation. Effects of demographic change on environmental degradation.
In the third section, a conceptual framework of the environmental degradation poverty nexus is provided. Aug 16, 2008 population growth and environmental degradation. The equality of the environment is constantly losing its status due to increase in population growth in most countries of world. Environmental activists were present in still greater numbers one. But population growth can even increase the probability of military involvement in conflicts. Sonia is a high school graduate and runs the writing and. Environmental degradation and population growth conditions in malawi were. In this paper we critically examine the concept of the environmental kuznets curve ekc.
The trends in fertility and mortality combine to yield the population projections. The international agenda often focuses on broadbased concerns of environmental degradation such as desertification, climate change and air pollution. Wikipedia when the environment becomes less valuable or damaged, environmental degradation is said to occur. Meaning and relation population growth is the main cause of the socioeconomic problem including environmental degradation, pollution, desertification, deforestation, intensive cultivation, over utilization of grazing and other environmental problems. Environmental degradation is the deterioration of the environment through depletion of natural resources such as air, water and soil. We estimate this relationship in a country with a heavy reliance on revenue from the exploitation of natural resources, the depletion of vegetation cover in recent decades and a low level of participation of industry in gdp.
Economic growth is often seen as a kind of universal cure of all problems facing ukraine as well as other transition and developing economies. One of the major causes of environmental degradation in india could be attributed to rapid growth of population, which is adversely affecting the natural resources and environment. In particular, population density plays the most important role in shaping the socioeconomic environment. As might be imagined population growth has positive and negative effects on development.
A monotonic increase of environmental degradation with economic growth calls for strict environmental regulations and even limits on economic growth to ensure a sustainable scale of economic activity within the ecological lifesupport system. Demography and political economy, in other words, are the most salient. It harms human health, reduces economic productivity and leads to the loss of amenities. Populations in developed countries trend toward using substantially. Pimentel introduction a h e a l t h y and prudently managed environment is a major benefit to humans and other species. Pdf on jan 1, 2019, mukete emmanuel mbella and others published the implications of. Causes and impacts of land degradation and desertification. It contains 11sectoral and another 11 crosssectoral policy elements. Other approaches are also needed, such as providing better research and extension advice, improving property rights and management, and establishing more secure tenure or. The neomalthusians or the pessimistic view had more concerns about the effect that population growth would have on environmental degradation. At the same time, economic growth is a cause of environmental degradation because it represents a negative externality of economic activity. So305750x96000320 economic growth and environmental. Population and the environment the impact of population growth on economic development is a complex issue.
Economic development and the environmental issues in the. Pdf population growth and its effects on environment. It proposes that there is an inverted ushape relation between environmental degradation and income per capita, so that, eventually, growth reduces the environmental impact of economic activity. Reflections on sustainability, population growth, and the environment page 3 and environmentally sustainable p.
The devastating effects of environmental degradation a case. One has to ask if it is possible to have an increase in economic activity growth. The problems were rapid population growth and immigration from mozambique, which led to increased demand for trees for fuel and consequent deforestation, increased demand for arable land and consequent landlessness, increased investment in livestock and consequent overgrazing. All life on earth obtains its food and other necessities from this environment. Environmental changes may be driven by manyfactors including economic growth, population growth, urbanization, intensification of. Jul 07, 2017 the multiple, interacting causes of civil war in particular are varied, including poverty, inequality, weak institutions, political grievance, ethnic divisions, and environmental stressors such as drought, deforestation, and land degradation. Paul shaw skip to main content accessibility help we use cookies to distinguish you from other users and to provide you with a better experience on our websites. Degradation of environment causes effects pollution. Rapid population growth and environmental degradation in. Allen and barness 1995, repetto and holmes 1983, rudel 1989, and ehlich and holdren 1971 empirically indicated the pressure of a causal relationship between rapid population growth and environmental degradation. Growth of population in recent times has caused much concern, living in a period of unparalleled population growth.
The environmental kuznets curve ekc hypothesis postulates an invertedushaped relationship between different pollutants and per capita income, i. Economic growth and environmental degradation in a global. Population growth has become a major force behind nature degradation in many rural and urban environments. A new dataset the merged manufacturing database is merged from. Economic development and population growth in the poor areas of the earth is a. Population growth and environmental degradation in india introduction the rapid population growth and economic development in country are degrading the environment through the uncontrolled growth of urbanization and industrialization, expansion and intensification of agriculture, and the destruction of natural habitats. Population is an important source of development, yet it is a major source of environmental degradation when it exceeds the threshold limits of the support systems. Environmental degradation is the deterioration of the environment through depletion of resources such as air, water, and soil, the destruction of ecosystems and the extinction of wildlife. This paper examines the relationship between economic growth and environmental degradation in ecuador from 1971 to 2010. Although there are signs indicating that this unusual rate of increase is coming to an end in some parts of the bilaspur city. Environmental degradation is a result of the dynamic interplay of socioeconomic, institutional and technological activities. What are causes and effects of environmental degradation. Human population as a dynamic factor in environmental degradation. Ultimate versus proximate factors volume 16 issue 3 r.
The overall aim of this study is to analyse the relationship between economic growth and environmental degradation with particular reference to carbon emissions and deforestation. The costs of economic growth and environmental degradation. Rapid population growth and environmental degradation. Economic development, environmental degradation, and the persistence of deprivation in poor countries by partha dasgupta november 2002 this is a revised version of the inaugural lecture of a lecture series that was organised at the. Environmental degradation, to a large scale, is the result of market failure, namely the nonexistent or poorly functioning markets for environmental goods and services. Malawi has been ranked by the world bank as one of the poorest countries in africa. Recently environmental economists found emerging importance in the relationship between population growth and development. Objective the objective of this paper is to assess the effect, relationship and situation analysis scenario on population growth and environmental degradation in ethiopia.
This continuously rising environmental degradation is dangerous for human. Others argue that, while the concept has some utility in indicating global unsustainability, it is. Challenges of urbanization and environmental degradation in india. Changing patterns of social integration affect the ways in which natural resources are utilized by society, the value ascribed to nature, and the importance attached to environmental conservation and rehabilitation. Its effects are felt on the natural environment also. Human population growth and its effect environmental sciences.
The interaction of population growth and environmental. The multiple, interacting causes of civil war in particular are varied, including poverty, inequality, weak institutions, political grievance, ethnic divisions, and environmental stressors such as drought, deforestation, and land degradation. Pdf the implications of population growth on environmental. Environmental degradation is a situation where the environment loses its natural equilibrium. Environmental degradation through aspects such as overexploitation of natural resources, pollution, and deforestation can contributes to the scarcity of resources particularly arable land, water, genetic resources, medicinal plants, and food crops. Is environmental degradation an inevitable consequence of. Abstract the environmental consequences of increasing human population size.
Interaction between population and environmental degradation core. The environmental degradation has three damaging effects. Postgraduate department of sociology, patna university, patna800 005, india. The ekc hypothesis was initially proposed by kuznets 1955 and was restated by grossman and krueger 1992 and again in 1995. One should be struck by the fact that here is a call for economic growth that is sustainable.
Globalization, industralization and population growth the. Economic growth and environmental degradation in canada. Start the discussion today with the notion of sustainability. The challenge for environmental management david pimentel, x. The primary cause of environmental degradation is the disturbance of nature caused by the human. The ekc hypothesis was initially proposed by kuznets 1955 and was restated by. Environmental degradation is one of the ten threats officially cautioned by the highlevel threat panel of the united nations. Environmental degradation and the development process from a broader development perspective, environmental degradation appears as a proximate cause of migration. Environmental changes may be driven by manyfactors including economic growth, population growth, urbanization, intensification of agriculture, rising energy use and transportation. Globalization, foreign direct investment, and the environment. The environmental implications of population dynamics. Another study with a focus on the role of markets has shown that market forces and government subsidies or lack thereof can have environmental impacts 5. The concept is dependent on a model of the economy in which there is no feedback from the quality of. The economic value of the damage social cost was estimated for different sectors like agriculture, fisheries, domestic and industrial water supply.
The environmental policy of ethiopia epe, was launched in 1997. The following factors are responsible for the costs of economic growth and environmental degradation. I urbanization and environmental degradation in jordan david l. Different economic and environmental indicators of tiruppur industry over the period 19802000 and the reasons for the environmentally unsustainable industrial growth of tiruppur are provided. There are two types of debates over population growth and the environment. Environmental degradation takes diverse forms, ranging from pollution and destruction of ecosystems to degraded fresh water supplies and arable land. Therefore, environmental degradation can only be understood within the context of the society that the environment supports. In this unique situation, environmental degradation is a specific instance of utilization or generation externalities reflected by uniqueness amongst private and social. Since populations can grow exponentially, resource depletion can occur rapidly, leading to specific environmental concerns such as global warming, deforestation and decreasing biodiversity. First, there are those over precisely how population growth results in environmental change.
Population growth, environmental degradation, composition effect and. Desertification has been defined as land degradation in arid, semiarid, and dry subhumid areas resulting from various factors, including climatic variations and human activities11. A study of the process of urbanization and urban growth in india since the beginning of the twentieth century reveals a steady increase in the size of urban population, the number of towns and the degree of urbanization. In the third section, a conceptual framework of the environmental degradationpoverty nexus is provided. Lakshmana abstract in the recent decade, india has seen remarkable changes in the age structure due to demographic transition. What are environmental problems due to population growth. Higgitt encyclopedia of life support systems eolss 352 countries are, at the present time, overshooting the sustainable resource base. Thus, the emphasis is on identifying policies that will help delink environmental degradation and growth, so that environmental harm will be reduced along the development pathe. The underlying causes are found in increasing population pressures on land and the patterns of resource use. Pdf malawi has been ranked by the world bank as one of the poorest.
One of the factors responsible for environment degradation is population growth or population density. Population growth and environmental degradation bangladesh. The result is an equilib rium population that enjoys low levels of both income and environmental quality. Burgess changes in pricing policies are not enough to encourage poor farmers to reduce resource degradation. Malawis only resources are its people and fertile soil, which comprises about 55% of land area. In this process, the algae that combine with small animals to. Impact of population growth on environmental degradation. This study highlights the present status of population and environmental degradation in bangladesh. Impact of a growing population on natural resources. Challenges of urbanization and environmental degradation in. The devastating effects of environmental degradation a. Hence industrialization, population growth and globalization are the roots of the gigantic pollution tree and. Pdf population growth and environmental degradation.
The degree of the environmental impact varies with the cause, the habitat, and the plants and animals that inhabit it. While the impacts of industrial activity on the natural environment are a major concern in developed countries, much less is known about these impacts in developing countries. Globalization, foreign direct investment, and the environment many of those who demonstrated against the multilateral agreement on investment outside the oecds paris headquarters in the fall of 1998 were members of, or sympathetic to the causes of, environmentally oriented ngos. This artical identifies and quantifies the environmental consequences of industrial growth, and provides policy. Numerous forces drive the relationship between environmental degradation and economic growth, and this subject has been analysed by the environmental kuznets curve ekc hereafter.
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